Properties of subatomic particles6/19/2023 For example, their prediction of the mass of a baryon made of two charm quarks and a light quark in as early as 2001 and as late as 2014 was confirmed by the discovery of this particle on July 6, 2017, by the LHCb collaboration. Since 2001 Nilmani and his collaborators have predicted the masses of various other subatomic particles with different quark contents some of which have already been discovered (after they were predicted) and many others will presumably be discovered in future experiments. Predicted quantum numbers of these particles will help to understand the properties of these particles which in turn will help to understand the nature of strong interactions. In this study their predicted results are compared with experimental findings. Using state-of-the-art methods of LQCD and computational resources of the Department of Theoretical Physics and the Indian Lattice Gauge Theory Initiative (ILGTI), they performed a precise and systematic determination of energies and quantum numbers for the tower of excited states of Ωc-0 baryons. Infact, Padmanath's thesis work predicted the masses of these particles four year before their discovery. In this work Padmanath and Nilmani predicted the quantum numbers of these newly discovered Ωc-0 baryons which were otherwise unknown experimentally. LQCD also plays a crucial role in understanding matter under high temperature and density similar to the condition in the early stages of the universe. LQCD methods can describe the spectrum of subatomic particles and also their properties, like decay constants. This demands the numerical implementation of QCD on space-time lattices which is known as lattice QCD (LQCD). Till date there is no analytical solution of QCD to obtain the properties of subatomic particles, like the proton and Ωc. Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) which is believed to be the theory of strong interactions, is a highly non-linear theory and can be solved analytically only at very high energies where the strength of interactions is quite small. These are the excited states of Ωc-0 baryon, much like the excited states of the hydrogen atom. These recently discovered baryons are called Ωc-0 made of two strange quarks and one charm quark. It is expected that many other mesons and baryons will be discovered in ongoing experiments at CERN and future high energy experiments. The discovery of many mesons and baryons since the middle of the 20th century, has played a crucial role in understanding the nature of strong interactions. This theory allows any combination of a quark and an anti-quark as well as any combination of three quarks in a colour neutral state resulting in varieties of subatomic particles called mesons and baryons, respectively. In the theory of strong interactions there are six quarks each with three colours charges. A simplistic picture of a proton is a combination of two up quarks and one down quark. The most well known baryon is the proton which along with an electron constitutes a hydrogen atom. This is because the number of electrons determines chemical properties, and all three isotopes have one electron in their atoms.A baryon is a composite subatomic particle made of three valence quarks and is bound by gluons through strong interactions. For example, carbon-12 is an isotope of carbon with a mass number of 12.Īll three isotopes of hydrogen have identical chemical properties. IsotopeĪn isotope is named after the element and the mass number of its atoms. Hydrogen-1 is the most abundant (most common) isotope of hydrogen. Isotopes of an element have:Īll hydrogen atoms contain one proton (and one electron ), but they can contain different numbers of neutrons. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. Atoms of the same element must have the same number of protons, but they can have different numbers of neutrons.
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